MySQL数据库实现MMM高可用群集架构

概念

MMM(Master-Master replication managerfor Mysql，Mysql主主复制管理器)是一套灵活的脚本程序，基于perl实现，用来对mysql replication进行监控和故障迁移，并能管理mysql Master-Master复制的配置(同一时间只有一个节点是可写的)。

MMM高可用架构说明

mmm_mond：监控进程，负责所有的监控工作，决定和处理所有节点角色活动。此脚本需要在监管机上运行。
mmm_agentd：运行在每个mysql服务器上的代理进程，完成监控的探针工作和执行简单的远端服务设置。此脚本需要在被监管机上运行。
mmm_control：一个简单的脚本，提供管理mmm_mond进程的命令。
mysql-mmm的监管端会提供多个虚拟IP（VIP），包括一个可写VIP，多个可读VIP，通过监管的管理，这些IP会绑定在可用mysql之上，当某一台mysql宕机时，监管会将VIP迁移至其他mysql。在整个监管过程中，需要在mysql中添加相关授权用户，以便让mysql可以支持监理机的维护。授权的用户包括一个mmm_monitor用户和一个mmm_agent用户。

MMM的优缺点

优点：高可用性，扩展性好，出现故障自动切换，对于主主同步，在同一时间只提供一台数据库写操作，保证的数据的一致性。
缺点： Monitor节点是单点，可以结合Keepalived实现高可用，对主机的数量有要求，需要实现读写分离，对程序来说是个挑战。

实验环境部署

第一步:在四台服务器上都需要安装MySQL数据库

1.配置ALI云源，然后安装epel-release源

[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache

#安装数据库[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb#关闭防火墙和安全功能[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0#开启数据库[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf#删除前9行，添加以下内容[mysqld]log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err     #错误日志的文件位置log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log      #访问日志的文件位置log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log     #man日志的文件位置binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema     #mysql,information_schema不生成二进制日志文件  character_set_server=utf8        #字符集log_bin=mysql_bin       #二进制日志文件功能开启server_id=1        #不同主机id不同log_slave_updates=true       #授权同步sync_binlog=1        #二进制日志文件功能开启auto_increment_increment=2       #自增量auto_increment_offset=1         #起始值[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# netstat -natp | grep 3306

[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.142.134:etc/

[root@localhost ~]# mysql#查看记录日志文件名称和位置值MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;    +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+| File       | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB     |+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+| mysql_bin.000001 |    245|       | mysql,information_schema |+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#在m1和m2上互相授予访问的权限MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456';#在m1上指定m2的日志文件名和位置参数MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.134',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;#在m2上指定m1的日志文件名和位置参数MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;       Slave_IO_Running: Yes      Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;+--------------------+| Database      |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql       || performance_schema || school       || test        |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;#在从服务器上查看同步数据信息MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;+--------------------+| Database      |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql       || performance_schema || school       || test        |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf<host default>#修改网卡为ens33  cluster_interface    ens33  pid_path        /run/mysql-mmm-agent.pid  bin_path        /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/  replication_user    replicantion  #修改授权密码  replication_password  123456  agent_user       mmm_agent  #修改代理授权密码  agent_password     123456</host>#指定四台服务器的角色与IP地址<host db1>  ip   192.168.142.131  mode  master  peer  db2</host><host db2>  ip   192.168.142.134  mode  master  peer  db1</host><host db3>  ip   192.168.142.130  mode  slave</host><host db4>  ip   192.168.142.135  mode  slave</host>#设定主服务器虚拟IP<role writer>  hosts  db1, db2  ips   192.168.142.250  mode  exclusive</role>#设定从服务器虚拟IP<role reader>  hosts  db3, db4  ips   192.168.142.251, 192.168.142.252  mode  balanced</role>

[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.130:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.135:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf

1.安装epel-release源以及MMM相关软件

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*

[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf<monitor>  ip         127.0.0.1  pid_path      /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid  bin_path      /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm  status_path     /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status  #指向四台服务器的IP地址  ping_ips      192.168.142.131,192.168.142.134,192.168.142.130,192.168.142.135  auto_set_online   10

MariaDB [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.18.%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf  #修改代理配置文件#m1中默认名称this db1 #m2中名称this db2#s1中名称this db3#s2中名称this db4

#启动代理功能[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service#设置开机自启动[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service

[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service [root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles:  db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252) db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)

[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control checks alldb4 ping     [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OKdb4 mysql    [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OKdb4 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OKdb4 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK: Backlog is nulldb2 ping     [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OKdb2 mysql    [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OKdb2 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OKdb2 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is nulldb3 ping     [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OKdb3 mysql    [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OKdb3 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OKdb3 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is nulldb1 ping     [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OKdb1 mysql    [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OKdb1 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OKdb1 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null

1、模拟m1服务器宕机,停止服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service

[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles:  db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252) db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)

[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: db3(192.168.142.130) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251), reader(192.168.142.252

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.142.136' identified by '123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.142.250Enter password: #输入密码即可#创建一个数据库MariaDB [(none)]> create database BDQN;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;  #查看数据库+--------------------+| Database      |+--------------------+| information_schema || BDQN        |     #同步到的BDQN数据库| mysql       || performance_schema || school       || test        |+--------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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