Android(安卓)Retrofit与Spring后台配合，实现单张、多张图片上传功能

前言

最近在学写后台接口，想做个图片上传接口与Android客户端配合使用。
Android这边我用的Retrofit网络请求框架。

但是发现我把Android这边写好了，后台不知道该怎么接收；后台接口定义好了，Android这边不知道怎么传参。网上的资料也基本都是只讲一方面的，不讲怎么配合使用。那么我自己研究了一下实现了功能，在这里总结下。

后台接口

这里为了更详细的说明使用方法，我加了个userId参数，需要客户端传入。

//单文件上传@PostMapping("/image/uploadUserHeadPhoto")public BaseResult uploadUserHeadPhoto(@RequestParam("userId") long userId, @RequestParam("photo") MultipartFile photo) {// 这里进行处理}//多文件上传@PostMapping("/image/uploadRecordPhotoList")public BaseResult uploadRecordPhotoList(@RequestParam("userId") long userId, @RequestParam("photoList") List<MultipartFile> photoList) {// 这里进行处理}

Android Retrofit接口：

Android 这里对单图上传和多图上传，分别写了两个Retrofit接口，为了说明可以有不同的使用方式。

import okhttp3.MultipartBody;import okhttp3.ResponseBody;import retrofit2.Call;import retrofit2.http.Body;import retrofit2.http.Field;import retrofit2.http.Multipart;import retrofit2.http.POST;import retrofit2.http.Part;import retrofit2.http.PartMap;public interface FileUpload {    //单文件上传1    @Multipart    @POST("image/uploadUserHeadPhoto")    Call<ResponseBody> uploadFile(@Part ("userId") long userId, @Part MultipartBody.Part file);        //单文件上传2    @Multipart    @POST("image/uploadUserHeadPhoto")    Call<ResponseBody> uploadFile(@PartMap HashMap<String, Object> paramsMap, @Part MultipartBody.Part file);    //多文件上传1    @Multipart    @POST("image/uploadRecordPhotoList")    Call<ResponseBody> uploadFilesMultipartBodyParts(@PartMap HashMap<String, Object> paramsMap, @Part() List<MultipartBody.Part> parts);    //多文件上传2    @POST("image/uploadRecordPhotoList")    Call<ResponseBody> uploadFilesMultipartBody(@Body MultipartBody multipartBody);}

Android 端对Retrofit接口的使用

这里的示例代码比较简单，没有封装，实际使用时可封装成更加通用的工具类。

import java.io.File;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import okhttp3.MediaType;import okhttp3.MultipartBody;import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;import okhttp3.RequestBody;import okhttp3.ResponseBody;import retrofit2.Call;import retrofit2.Callback;import retrofit2.Response;import retrofit2.Retrofit;import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;public class FileUploadManager {    public static final String BASE_URL = "http://192.168.1.1:8888/";    private static OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()            .retryOnConnectionFailure(true)            .connectTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS)            .build();                 private static Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()            .client(client)            .baseUrl(BASE_URL)            .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())            .build();    /**     * 单图上传1     * @param userId     * @param filePath     */    public static void uploadFile(long userId, String filePath) {        FileUpload fileUpload = retrofit.create(FileUpload.class);         RequestBody requestFile = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"), new File(filePath));        MultipartBody.Part body = MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("photo", "photo", requestFile);        Call<ResponseBody> call = fileUpload.uploadFile(userId, body);        call.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {            @Override            public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {                LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onResponse:" + response.code() +", "+ response.message());                if (response.code() == 200) {                    LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onResponse ack:" + response.body());                }            }            @Override            public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {                LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onFailure");            }        });    }    /**     * 单图上传2     * @param map     * @param filePath     */    public static void uploadFile(HashMap<String, Object> map, String filePath) {        FileUpload fileUpload = retrofit.create(FileUpload.class);        RequestBody requestFile = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"), new File(filePath));        MultipartBody.Part body = MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("photo", "photo", requestFile);        Call<ResponseBody> call = fileUpload.uploadFile(map, body);        call.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {            @Override            public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {                LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onResponse:" + response.code() +", "+ response.message());                if (response.code() == 200) {                    LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onResponse ack:" + response.body());                }            }            @Override            public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {                LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onFailure");            }        });    }    /**     * 多图上传1     * @param files     */    public static void uploadMultiPartFile(HashMap<String, Object> map, List<File> files) {        List<MultipartBody.Part> parts = new ArrayList<>(files.size());        for(File file : files) {            RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/png"), file);            MultipartBody.Part part = MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("photoList", file.getName(), requestBody);            parts.add(part);        }        FileUpload fileUpload = retrofit.create(FileUpload.class);        Call<ResponseBody> call = fileUpload.uploadFilesMultipartBodyParts(map, parts);        call.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {            @Override            public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {                LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onResponse:" + response.code() +", "+ response.message());                if (response.code() == 200) {                    LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onResponse ack:" + response.body());                }            }            @Override            public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {                LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onFailure" + t.getMessage());            }        });    }    /**     * 多图上传2     * @param files     */    public static void uploadMultipartBodyFile(List<File> files) {        MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder();        builder.setType(MultipartBody.FORM);        for(File file : files) {            RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/png"), file);            builder.addFormDataPart("photoList", file.getName(), requestBody);        }        builder.addFormDataPart("userId", "1");        MultipartBody multipartBody = builder.build(); //List parts = builder.build().parts();        FileUpload fileUpload = retrofit.create(FileUpload.class); //获取FileUpload的API        Call<ResponseBody> call = fileUpload.uploadFilesMultipartBody(multipartBody);        call.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {            @Override            public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {                LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onResponse:" + response.code() +", "+ response.message());                if (response.code() == 200) {                    LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onResponse ack:" + response.body());                }            }            @Override            public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {                LogUtils.d("Retrofit", "onFailure" + t.getMessage());            }        });    }}

Android 端对上传图片接口的调用

String filePath = "/storage/emulated/Pictures/IMG_20200309_18433730.jpeg";//单张上传1FileUploadManager.uploadFile(1, filePath);//单张上传2HashMap<String, Object> paramsMap = new HashMap<>();paramsMap.put("userId", 1);FileUploadManager.uploadFile(paramsMap, filePath);//多张上传1List<File> fileList = new ArrayList<>();fileList.add(new File(filePath));fileList.add(new File(filePath));FileUploadManager.uploadMultiPartFile(paramsMap, fileList);//多张上传2FileUploadManager.uploadMultipartBodyFile(fileList);

可以根据需要选择合适的使用方式，对代码进行封装使用。

注意：

以上这样使用还有个问题，你会发现如果传字符串参数，后台接收到的会自动加上双引号。这个问题是Retrofit的@PartMap 标注导致的。

要解决的话，两步操作

把@PartMap标注的HashMap paramsMap
改为里的Object改为RequestBody。
另外paramsMap需要做下转换：

//这一步处理是为了去掉@PartMap标注导致自动加上的双引号HashMap<String, RequestBody> map = new HashMap<>();for (HashMap.Entry<String, Object> entry : paramsMap.entrySet()) {    map.put(entry.getKey(), RequestBody.create(null, String.valueOf(entry.getValue())));}

使用转换后的map即可解决双引号问题。

前言

后台接口

Android Retrofit接口：

Android 端对Retrofit接口的使用

Android 端对上传图片接口的调用

注意：

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